Maryland stove rebate aimed at low- and middle-income households may expire

Stakeholders urge state to keep stove program as it pursues electrification 

With little warning or stakeholder engagement, the Maryland Energy Administration (MEA) said it planned to sunset a stove rebate program that was established more than 10 years ago to help rural, low- and middle-income households who had the highest heat burden. 

A coalition of Maryland stakeholders wrote to MEA urging the agency to consider the impact on low and middle income households and to extend the program.

 

Maryland residents can still purchase eligible stoves through Jan. 4, 2024 and submit rebate applications up to March 31, 2023.  The program has been effective over the years and 80% of residents chose the higher rebate level to purchase a pellet stove. The rebate levels are $700 for a pellet stove, $500 for a wood stove, $1,000 for solar panels or shingles and $3,000 for geothermal systems.

A 2020 analysis of data from MEA showed that solar rebates primarily flowed to rich, more urban zip codes, and least likely to go to less affluent, rural zip codes, where wood and pellet heating are popular. 

 

“Its outrageous for millions of rebates to flow to wealthier homes for solar panels and geothermal systems while closing the only rebate program designed for rural low- and middle-income households,” said John Ackerly, President of AGH.  “During this climate crisis, we need to support renewable energy technologies that fit the budgets and preferences of everyone, not just well-to-do families.”

In Maryland, an average home needs 
about 2 tons of pellets as a primary or 
sole source of heat, which costs about
$550.

Low and middle income (LMI)  families are often marginalized, overlooked  and left behind in energy transitions and “the potential closure of this program is a classic case study of this.” Ackerly said. 

 

The Alliance for Green Heat is working with stakeholders to find out more about how the stove rebate program was assessed, why stakeholders were not engaged and whether changes can be made instead of closing it.  The Maryland Energy Administration said funds were getting tighter but there is no upper income limit to be eligible for solar and geothermal rebates.

Pellet stoves like this can cost up to
$4,000 and more basic ones cost
around $1,500

For years, the Alliance for Green Heat has urged to only allow rebates for pellet stoves, and not wood stoves.  AGH does not believe new cordwood stoves should be subsidized if installed in more densely populated areas.  AGH had also urged the MEA to correct confusing requirements like allowing eligible stoves to emit up to 3 grams an hour, a half gram higher than federal EPA limits, but the MEA decided not to align with EPA standards. These and other issues indicated to many that the rebate program designed for LMI households was not a priority. 

 

A wealth of data shows that electrification is perhaps the best way to address the climate crisis but there is also a high chance that many LMI communities will be left behind, in part because upfront costs of heat pumps are so high, and electric rates could continue to climb.  AGH is concerned that states may pursue electrification to the exclusion of program that can benefit certain demographics, potentially making the energy burden of some communities worse than before.

Pellet stoves can be very affordable and
in parts of Europe far more expensive
pellet boilers are routinely installed in
new construction, paired with solar,
battery storage and smart controls.

In many northern states, pellet stoves are being used along with solar panels so that a home can produce both renewable heat and electricity, lowering the carbon footprint of a home far more than either technology could alone. Solar panels, even with battery storage, can't produce enough electricity for heat pumps during the winter.  Pellet stoves also offer cheaper heat than heat pumps during the coldest weeks of the winter.

 

For one AGH staff member, Lilith Guzman, confronting this issue with MEA hits hard, and is personal. “I grew up in Minot North Dakota and my family has always been low-income. We were reliant on programs like SNAP, reduced school lunches, and clothing drives when the seasons turned. The native American community helped us get by too. I vowed to work on these issues when I graduated, but I didn’t expect this in Maryland.”

To make your voice heard, you can contact the head of the MEA, Director Paul Pinsky at paul.pinsky@maryland.gov. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

New York bans fossil fuels in new builds beginning in 2026: Implications for hearth retailers are still unfolding

By: Darian Dyer

On May 2nd, New York State lawmakers approved their FY 2024 New York State Budget. Embedded in this budget is a historic provision to electrify buildings and homes on a state-wide basis. The provision designates New York as the first state to pass legislation banning the installation of fossil fuel equipment in new buildings. The mandate comes into effect in 2026, initially applying to shorter buildings and then expands to encompass all new construction by 2028. Prohibited appliances in new buildings include gas, oil and propane space heating systems, gas dryers and gas water heaters, among others.

The hearth industry in New York, and especially hearth retailers, will experience little impact until 2030, when a ban on fossil fuel equipment includes installations in existing homes. Until then, they will likely experience more demand for gas appliances and have time to diversify into heat pumps or other products and services. Gas installers and technicians will have work maintaining existing equipment after 2030, but that will gradually contract over the ensuing decades, while other types of hearth installations grow.

The hearth industry, represented by the Hearth, Patio and Barbecue Association (HPBA), sells appliances that use any and all fuel— gas, propane, electric, wood, and pellets. However, they are now doubling down in defense of gas, aligning with major oil and gas lobbies. HPBA’s position statement on its website says they believe, “it is critical to lower carbon emissions based on solid science and technology. Requiring communities to be all-electric does not achieve the intended reduction due to inefficiencies with generation, distribution, and lack of storage.” However, many HPBA members, including the Alliance for Green Heat, strongly support electrification and the increased use of modern wood and pellet heating as a proven pathway to reduce fossil fuel heat. AGH’s President, John Ackerly, said, “We urge the new CEO of HPBA to provide the leadership for the hearth industry to evolve and attract and retain a younger and more diverse workforce who can thrive in the future.”

Wood and pellet stoves are not impacted by the NY policy other than possibly benefitting retailers with greater wood and pellet appliances sales, as gas fireplaces are phased out. Indoor gas fireplaces appear to be the hearth product that will be most impacted, and it is still unclear if piped natural gas to outdoor barbecues, pool heaters, and hot tubs, for example, will face restrictions after 2030. Most experts think appliances using outdoor portable propane tanks, like barbecues, firepits, and outdoor fireplaces will not be impacted after 2030. Karen Arpino, Executive Director for the Northeast Hearth, Patio, and Barbecue Association’s Board of Directors, expressed reservations in that the law stands more as a symbolic rule rather than a law to really impact New York’s GHG emissions.

Almost all stove retailers sell to the existing home market. The industries to be affected by this law are new home builders and smaller retail businesses focused on supplying appliances to new construction. These will likely be the hardest hit if they don’t diversify their business to include heat pumps, for example. A stove retailer in Rochester, New York, was more concerned about the precedent for other states than the impact on their own business. They, like others interviewed for this article, are planning on “just riding it out.”

Hearth retailers have steadily expanded their product lines and many now focus
more on outdoor patio items, most of which will not be impacted at all by the New York law.

The New York law, as in many states, relies on changes to building codes to be implemented. Thus, it will be the state fire prevention and building code council that will provide clarification and exemptions that determine some of the critical gray areas for outdoor hearth gas and propane uses, as well as what kind of electrical appliances could be installed. The Alliance for Green Heat is urging jurisdictions to put guardrails on baseboard electrical heating, especially in lower income homes and apartments, as it is less expensive to install compared to heat pumps, but far more expensive to run.

The Alliance for Green Heat reached out to some of the primary advocates of the ban to see whether they knew how it would impact specific indoor and outdoor hearth appliances. The Alliance for a Green Economy’s Executive Director, Jessica Azulay, said that the gradual phasing out process of fossil fuels allows time for the industry to familiarize itself with the required technology, educate installers, and ramp up the production of electric appliances. Patrick McClellan, the Policy Director for the New York League of Conservation Voters, underscored the importance of the phased approach, but neither were sure how outdoor gas and propane appliances would be treated. However, they did suggest that outdoor appliances are not the target.

Hearth industry ramifications in other electrification policies

While New York is the first state to put electrification of new buildings into law, several other municipalities, most notably in California, have approved pro-electric energy and building codes. For instance, Brisbane’s city council voted to amend their building code to require new residential buildings to be all electric in 2019. Notable exceptions to the code include the ability for residences to still incorporate non-electric cooking appliances and fireplaces in new buildings. Oakland, CA, amended their municipal code in 2020 to require “all-electric construction in newly constructed buildings.” This ordinance did not restrict portable propane appliances for use outside of the building envelope, including outdoor cooking and heating appliances. Marin County, CA, passed a similar ordinance amending their building code in 2022, making an exception for portable propane appliances outside of the building envelope. These are only three examples from over 50 cities in California that have similar electrification requirements in their building and energy codes.

Low carbon electric heat and the grid

Much of New York’s ban on fossil fuel equipment installation has to do with space and water heating, even though gas stoves often get more attention. The shift to heat pumps and heat pump water heaters will initially run mostly on electricity made by fossil fuel, but their extremely high efficiencies still significantly reduce carbon impacts. Currently, nearly 60% of the state’s electricity is generated from natural gas, accounting for 46% of its utility-scale in-state generation. Achieving lower carbon emissions in New York relies heavily on rapidly decarbonizing the energy grid. New York has developed a plan to address this challenge. By 2030, 70% of the grid load will be met with renewables, with the goal of 100% of the grid being powered by renewables and zero-emission sources by 2040.

New York’s restrictions on fossil fuel installations target buildings, the largest source of greenhouse gasses in the state.

New York will face scrutiny on whether an unjust energy burden materializes for low-to-moderate income (LMI) households living in existing buildings and whether all-electricity stands as an affordable option for everyday consumers. To support LMI households during this transition, the New York legislature has approved $200 million to help weatherize and electrify low-income homes. In addition to this, the NY Home Energy Affordable Transition (HEAT) Act is in the works, hoping to lead an equitable, neighborhood-scale decarbonization effort. It is currently sitting in the Senate Energy and Telecommunications Committee. Still, some construction companies say that mandating electrification in new builds will increase construction prices, further pushing LMI families off of the housing market.

Opportunity for wood and pellet stoves

For those producing wood and pellet stoves though, there doesn’t seem to be an obvious downside. NEHPBA’s Karen Arpino had discussions with New York legislators and many were eager to work on legislation to promote wood stove change-out programs in the state. NYSERDA used to offer rebates for pellet stoves if a household turned in an old wood stove.

While 108,202 households heat primarily with wood (1.4%) in the state of New York, its use in rural counties is substantial, providing a significant level of low carbon energy resilience and diversification without adding further stress to the grid. For example, in Schoharie county, 15% of homes use wood as a primary heat source and 20% in Hamilton, with far more homes using it as a secondary heat source. Wood stoves provide homeowners more confidence to electrify, and they are likely to become more popular in electrified homes if it is cheaper than using a heat pump in the coldest weeks or months of the year. If the grid becomes even more unreliable in rural areas, wood stoves are an obvious back-up option and as solar and battery options grow, pellet stoves could also be a back-up heat source.

Stove Repair Relief Fund to aid families during Coronavirus pandemic

The Alliance for Green Heat is starting a fund that will help families struggling during this pandemic keep their stoves running and operating safely.  Together with the Osprey Foundation and Stove Parts 4 Less, we are launching The Stove Repair Relief Fund!  Please consider becoming a partner in this effort. 

The Stove Repair Relief Fund provides large discounts on stove parts to people who lost their jobs due to the coronavirus pandemic. With an initial fund of $20,000 provided by the Alliance for Green Heat, Stove Parts 4 Less, and the Osprey Foundation, eligible customers will receive 30 – 50% off of their parts orders. The intent is to provide essential stove parts to lower-income families who may not be able to afford to keep their wood or pellet stoves working.  It often only takes a small part to get a pellet stove back up and running or make a dangerous wood stove safe again.  

If you are a verified low-income household or have been laid off due to the pandemic, you are eligible for a 30% discount (15% donated by the Alliance for Green Heat and 15% by Stove Parts 4 Less). If you are from a verified low-income household and have been laid off, you are eligible for a 50% discount on your needed parts (25% donated by the Alliance for Green Heat and 25% by Stove Parts 4 Less).

Please note, this offer is only good for wood or pellet stove parts orders up to $500.  It is not applicable to any grill parts, gas stove parts, new stove installs or orders over $500.  If your household has been hit hard by this pandemic and you need a stove part, provide all required information on the sign-up page here to determine if you are eligible.

We are doing a soft launch of this program at the end of this heating season to assess how it works.  We hope to improve and relaunch it this fall during the upcoming heating season.

The program funders want to ensure that the funds are used to help people who really need it, and are asking people to provide documentation of their employment and economic status.  In addition, funders do not want to subsidize the sale of any parts that are available cheaper elsewhere.  Customers should check prices and ensure that Stove Parts 4 Less is offering the best price, which they usually do (make sure to also include shipping and consider the reputation of the seller for aftermarket parts). They will also match any price.  

The Alliance for Green Heat does not normally partner with or endorse specific companies, but these are not normal times.  Our staff, working with our Board, has done their due diligence to move forward with this program and will re-assess it this summer and publicly share that assessment.

We expect this pandemic to severely impact rural wood heating communities for up to a year, and many may turn to wood heating even more than in previous years.  It may also make people less likely to buy new stoves, and need to keep repairing their old ones for longer.  Pellet stove repair and maintenance has always been a challenge, and dealer training and support for older pellet stoves is often poor.  If stove dealers, NFI or CSIA technicians can't access a part elsewhere, they can alert low income clients of this program.  AGH always recommends that stove installations are completed by professionals, but basic repairs and maintenance are often done by stove owners.  If any repair has safety implications, please consult or hire an NFI technician or other professional before trying to do it yourself, even if you procure the part yourself.

The Alliance for Green Heat and Stove Parts for Less are doing everything we can to keep our employees and local communities safe, and we ask that you try and do the same.  Stay home when possible, cover up your nose and mouth with a mask or scarf and do not host large gatherings.  Save lives and give our medical professionals, first responders and people working in essential businesses a break!

Want to do your part too? Support the Stove Repair Relief Fund!

You can donate too!  To help struggling families who heat with wood and pellets, you can make a tax-deductible donation to the Stove Repair Relief Fund via the Alliance for Green Heat.  Any contributions to support this cause will be matched dollar for dollar by Stove Parts 4 Less, up to $10,000!  Please contact us if your company or institution wants to partner in this effort or has ideas on how to improve it.  100% of all donations will go to helping low-income families in this time of need.

Strimling Resigns from Woodpellets.com

Jon Strimling, founder and CEO of woodpellets.com, the nation's largest on-line retailer of wood pellets and a Board member of the Alliance for Green Heat, has stepped down as CEO of woodpellets.com. He remains active as a woodpellet.com board member and consultant to the firm.

Jon, a graduate of MIT, has been highly motivated by the opportunity of switching to a low-carbon, low-priced alternative to oil and propane. Jon is also a founding member of the Alliance for Green Heat and has supported our work that focuses heavily on assisting low and middle-income families to affordably heat their homes with cord wood and pellets. Jon continues to serve on the Alliance Board and one of his longtime interests has been to find ways for federal low-income heating assistance (LIHEAP) to help move families to lower cost, renewable heat. Jon has fought to bring European models of heating policy to America, which favor using biomass for their highest efficiency uses.

"Building Woodpellets.com over the past five years has been an honor and a thrill. I'm looking forward to seeing WoodPellets.com continue to thrive. It's an exciting time for both this company and the industry, as so many people turn to wood pellets for a more cost effective, greener heating fuel." Jon is charting his next move and when we called a few days ago, he was in his basement admiring his newest toy: a Harman pellet boiler that he outfitted with an automatic pellet feed system.

New Zealand Study Finds Wood Pellet Heating Improves Health for Low-income Families (excerpts)

Last week in New Zealand, the Productivity Commission released a Housing Affordability Report.  The report included a review of a housing, insulation and health study involving 1,400 households from seven regions. It showed dramatic health improvements brought about by interventions such as replacing inefficient electric heaters and unflued gas heaters with heat pumps, wood pellet burners and flued gas heaters. These positive effects were more marked for low-income families. 

In New Zealand, excess moisture is a major problem leading to mold and ill-health effects and the dry heat produced by pellet stoves was an excellent remedy.

One of New Zealand's leading researchers on inequality in health and housing, Philippa Howden-Chapman, pointed out that the lowest income families spend about 13 percent of their income on heating, while the wealthiest only about 2 percent. Around 1600 extra people die in winter than in summer due to poor housing and a lack of heating.

Lack of affordable housing and heating is not a new phenomenon.  Two thousand years ago a pregnant woman and her carpenter husband could not find adequate or affordable lodging, and the woman had to give birth in a manger. 

For the full story:

http://www.stuff.co.nz/nelson-mail/opinion/columnists/teresa-o-connor/6173976/Stressmas-rams-home-key-themes

2010 Census Shows Wood is Fastest Growing Heating Fuel in US

Rural low-income families the new growth leaders in renewable energy production

October 10, 2011 - Recently released US Census figures show the number of households heating with wood grew 34% between 2000 and 2010, faster than any other heating fuel. Electricity showed the second fastest growth, with a 24% increase over the last decade.

In two states, households using wood as a primary heat source more than doubled - Michigan (135%) and Connecticut (122%). And in six other states, wood heating grew by more than 90% - New Hampshire (99%), Massachusetts (99%), Maine (96%), Rhode Island (96%), Ohio (95%) and Nevada (91%).

Census data also shows that low and middle-income households are much more likely to use wood as a primary heating fuel, making low and middle-income families growth leaders of the residential renewable energy movement. According to the EIA, residential wood heat accounts for 80% of residential renewable energy, solar 15% and geothermal 5%.

“Heating with wood may not be hip like solar, but it’s proving to be the workhorse of residential renewable energy production,” said John Ackerly, President of the Alliance for Green Heat, a non-profit organization based in Maryland.

The rise of wood and wood pellets in home heating is driven by the climbing cost of oil, the economic downturn and the movement to use renewable energy. The Census Bureau does not track the reason people switch fuels but in states like Maine and New Hampshire where rising oil prices are squeezing household budgets, it is clear that many families simply feel the need to cut heating costs.

“The rise of wood heat is good news for offsetting fossil fuels, achieving energy independence, creating jobs and helping families affordably heat their homes,” said Mr. Ackerly.

“However, Wood heat’s rapid rise is not just from people using clean pellet and EPA certified wood stoves. Many people are also dusting off old and inefficient stoves and in some states installing outdoor boilers that create too much smoke,” cautions Ackerly.

Over the last decade, the number of households using two of the most expensive heating fuels significantly declined: propane dropped 16% and oil heat dropped 21%. Some of those homes undoubtedly switched to wood. Switching from fossil fuels to commercially purchased wood heat can reduce a home’s heating bills by half or more. Those who cut or collect their own wood save much more, using their labor to zero out heating bills.

Currently about 25-30% of the 12 million stoves in the U.S. are clean burning pellet stoves or EPA certified wood stoves, according to the EPA and other sources. Americans have installed about one million pellet stoves since the 1980s when they were invented.

Wood now ranks third in the most common heating fuels after gas and electricity for both primary and secondary heating fuel use, but ranks fifth, after oil and propane as well, when only primary heat fuel is considered. As of 2010, 2.1% of American homes, or 2,382,737 households, use wood as a primary heat source, up from 1.6% in 2000. About 10 - 12% of American households use wood when secondary heating is counted, according to the US Census Bureau and the Energy Information Agency (EIA).

The rapid rise in wood heat as a primary heating fuel is mainly a rural phenomenon, and to a lesser extent a suburban trend. According to the US census, 57% of households who primarily heat with wood live in rural areas, 40% in suburban areas and only 3% in urban areas.

# # #

The Alliance for Green Heat promotes wood and pellet heat as a low-carbon, sustainable and affordable energy solution. The Alliance works toward cleaner and more efficient wood heating appliances, particularly for low and middle-income families. The Alliance is a 510c3 non-profit organization based in Maryland.

To download the full press release, visit: http://www.forgreenheat.org/resources/press.pdf

Report Finds Wood Heat Dominates Residential Renewable Market

Consumer demand, not government incentives, driving the most cost-effective residential renewable energy sector

July 11, 2011 - A report released today by the non-profit group, Alliance for Green Heat, finds that wood heating in America is dominating the residential renewable energy market, and doing so with virtually no government subsidies.

Approximately 13 million wood and pellet stoves are in operation today in about 10% of American homes, saving American families hundreds of millions of dollars in fossil fuel bills. 80% of residential renewable energy comes from wood and pellets, while only 15% comes from solar and 5% from geothermal, according to the US Department of Energy.

“Wood and pellet heating in America proves that low and middle-income families can lead the way, not follow, when it comes to using renewable energy,” said John Ackerly, President of the Alliance for Green Heat. “While federal and state subsidies flow to wealthy families to install solar panels, ordinary American families are reducing their reliance on fossil fuels much faster with wood and pellet heating,” Ackerly said.

However, the group warns that while wood heat is growing in popularity, many of the stoves and boilers in operation today are too polluting, and programs to replace old appliances with new ones are badly needed.

The report, “Transforming Wood Heat in America: A Toolkit of Policy Options,” found that biomass heating equipment excels at quickly and affordably reducing fossil fuel use, but few states provide incentives for the most modern, clean units. The report concluded that a $1,000 stove incentive could reduce as much fossil fuel as a $10,000 solar incentive, drive consumers towards extremely low emitting units, and help ordinary Americans affordably meet their utility bills.

A Wood Heat Task Force comprised of industry, air quality experts, non-profits and foresters helped guide the yearlong study that was partially funded by the US Forest Service. The report found that while emissions were a barrier to widespread use of some existing technologies, wood and pellet harvesting was generally very sustainable. The report’s authors interviewed more than 150 stakeholders to assemble a policy toolkit to help local, state and federal officials promote cleaner wood heating in America and maximize its potential as a core renewable energy technology.

The report will be released Wednesday, July 13 at a symposium held at the US Forest Service and the results will also be presented at a webinar on July 19.

Maryland: A social justice case study in residential renewable energy incentives

Maryland, like many states, provides generous grants to families who can afford solar, geothermal and wind systems. The only major renewable left out of Maryland’s programs is wood for heat, despite the existence of modern, clean burning systems like pellet stoves and advanced wood combustion (AWC) that are popular in Europe.

In 2009, the State of Maryland invested $3,920,000 in residential wind, solar and geothermal energies to subsidize 873 families or small businesses to lower their carbon footprint. This averages out to giving about $4,500 to these 873 families to eliminate 2,205 metric tons of carbon per year. This comes to $90 per ton of carbon, assuming a 20-year lifespan of the systems, excluding all the administrative costs incurred by the state to run the program. The price per ton of carbon avoided through Cash for Clunkers was estimated to be $50 by one authoritative source and in excess of $200 by some critics.

While the Alliance for Green Heat support incentives for solar, wind and geothermal, the incentives tend to go to families whose joint incomes are likely in excess of $150,000 because the upfront costs are usually $20,000 - $30,000 with 5 – 15 year payback periods. Giving checks to the wealthiest Maryland citizens, when tens of thousands of low-income Maryland residents are struggling to pay their utilities and their food bills is an ethical issue that has received scant public consideration.

If Maryland had used that same budget, $3,920,000, to subsidize modern, low emission pellet stoves or advanced wood combustion systems, it could have helped three times more families and helped working families install systems that would help them lower their utility bills with only a 2 -5 year payback period. And, we could reduce 3 or 4 times as much carbon, costing the state about $25 per ton.

The beauty of the modern pellet or wood stove is that it emits under 2 or 3 grams of particulates per hour, unlike traditional stoves that emit 30 – 40 grams per hour. Modern stoves cost $2,000-3,000 (including installation) and are already popular in rural, low-income areas where many Maryland residents get their fuel from storm-felled trees or the wood waste stream.

Maryland renewable energy subsidies comparison*
Renewable energy	Cost	CO2 Offset	Households effected
Solar	$2,750,000	1,293 metric tons	500
Geothermal	$1,000,000	718 metric tons	350
Wind	$170,000	194 metric tons	23
Total	$3,920,000	2,205.5 metric tons	873
Wood	$3,920,000	8,820 metric tons	3,920

· Note: Table provided for comparison purposes only. The Alliance for Green Heat does not advocate replacing incentives for solar, geothermal and wind, only adding wood heat to the list of approved technologies.

· The number of woodstoves incentivized is calculated from a $1,000 per stove grant, or about one third to one half the purchase price. The CO2 offsets are calculated by converting the heat source or electricity displaced with each energy source into equivalent CO2.

Maryland’s low-income population has been largely overlooked in renewable energy policy. There are other little-known benefits of wood heat: low-income families who heat primarily with wood are 2 – 3 times less likely to be on public heating assistance than low-income families using fossil fuel heat. Wood allows families to be self-sufficient and it usually directly offsets imported heating oil, or electric heat -- which in Maryland is primarily made with coal.

Solar panels remain out of the grasp of low and middle income families in Maryland, where the median household income is $70,000. Geothermal and wind energy tell similar stories. It’s time to include low-income households in the state’s renewable energy policy. Luckily, Maryland has progressive officials who are interested and open to the benefits of wood heat as long as modern, low emission systems are being considered.

Wood heat is great at reducing our carbon footprint, but it can’t do what solar and wind can: efficiently provide electricity. Similarly, wood can meet needs that solar and wind can’t: efficiently provide space heating. These technologies together will be far more effective than any of them alone.

"Eat or Heat" - A low-income household dilemmaa in winter

Did you know:

Since 2005, the average cost to heat homes has risen about 27%?

Residents in low-income households in the northern US are more likely to go hungry in late winter?

In northern states, poor families with children spend less of food and more on home fuels, and the children have lower caloric intake during winter months.

74% of households that include older adults report that they cut back on the purchase of household necessities because of high energy bills.

Of homes enrolled in LIHEAP, the federal low income heat assistance program, one in six reported that were were unable to use their main heating source at some point in the previous year because they did not have the money to fix a broken furnace or buy bulk fuels such as oil, propane or wood, or prevent the shutoff of utility service for non-payment.

Of LIHEAP enrolled homes, one quarter report going without food for at least one day because of energy bills in the past five years.

Source: “Affordable Home Energy and Health: Making the Connections by the
AARP Public Policy Institute, June 2010, http://www.aarp.org/money/low-income-
assistance/info-06-2010/2010-05-consumer.html